The 4Ms are cause-analysis categories covering Manpower, Method, Machine and Material. They encourage teams to investigate people, processes, technology and inputs.
How to use this tool
Define the problem
Define the problem being investigated.
Gather evidence per category
Gather evidence for each of the four categories.
Identify causes and relationships
Identify possible causes and relationships.
Test causes and agree actions
Test the likely causes and agree actions.
References & further reading
Cadle, J. et al. (2021). Business Analysis Techniques: 123 Essential Tools for Success, 3rd ed. BCS. ISBN 9781780175690.